Fluid Mechanics III

Overview

Introduction to process fluid mechanics; Dimensions and units; SI units - Fundamental concepts: Definition of a fluid; Continuum hypothesis; Velocity field;Stress field; Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids - Fluid statics: pressure variation in a static fluid, hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces, buoyancy; Illustration by examples - Macroscopic Balances: derivation of integral balances for mass, energy and momentum; Derivation of engineering Bernoulli equation with losses - Application of macroscopic balances: Losses in expansion, Force on a reducing bend, Diameter of a free jet; Jet ejector - Differential balances of fluid flow: derivation of continuity and momentum (Navier-Stokes) equations for a Newtonian fluid - Applications to plane Couette, plane Poiseuille and pipe flows - Dimensional analysis and similitude: Buckingham Pi theorem and applications - High-Reynolds number flows: inviscid flows and potential flows - Boundary layer theory - Pipe flows and fittings: laminar and turbulent flows; friction factor charts, losses in fittings, flow in manifolds - Flow past immersed bodies: flow past a sphere and other submerged objects - Flow through packed beds and fluidized beds - Agitation and mixing: power consumption, mixing times, scale up - Flow measurement: Orifice meter, venturi meter, Pitot tube, and Rotameters - Brief introduction to non-conventional methods: Laser Doppler velocimetry, Particle image velocimetry, ultrasonic flow meters,electromagnetic flow meters - Fluid transportation: Valves and Pumps and Compressors - Non-Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids; viscometry - Introduction to turbulent flows